Retirement lifestyle planning looks beyond numbers. Beyond money there is the question of how to spend and invest a more precious resource – time.
The normal approach to retirement planning is to start with the amount of savings. Then ask for an idea of how much income those savings will produce. Conversely a retirement lifestyle plan starts with describing what you need, want, and wish for. Then ask for an idea of how likely it is those savings can get you there.
Some people need help coming up with their wishes. It might not have occurred to them before to ask what will bring meaning and fulfillment to them in that chapter of life. For some this is a more difficult decision than figuring out an investment plan or tax strategy.
If you come up short on your goals, the plan recommends what can be done instead. If you come up with excess, the plan asks what you might have left out.
People who engage in the retirement lifestyle planning process understand that there is only so much that money can do. The rest is up to you.
The best retirement plans start with a plan for a fulfilling life first, then match up the plan with money decisions. That's why good planners ask, what's the money for? For most, it's not to support boredom, stagnation and decline. If you define what an ideal retirement means first for you, then your retirement plan and your retirement life have far better chances of success.
The best retirement plans start with a plan for a fulfilling life first, then match up the plan with money decisions. That's why good planners ask, what's the money for? For most, it's not to support boredom, stagnation and decline. If you define what an ideal retirement means first for you, then your retirement plan and your retirement life have far better chances of success.
My story: The following is an updated excerpt from the introduction to my book, The Mindful Money Mentality: How To Find Balance in Your Financial Future (Porchview Publishing, $20). As a behavioral economist (in a field that studies the psychology of personal economic decisions), I have a keen interest in our relationships with money. I care about maximizing its usefulness as a tool rather than elevating its status as an end. But for much of my life, I had those two reversed. I did my own financial planning backwards. I put the pursuit of money first, life second, and myself last. In other words, I floated in a fog about my attachment to money, swept along by society’s encouragement and my own beliefs. My money mentality was not aware, awake, or intentional. It was unconscious. It was anything but mindful. Ironically, I was one of those successful savers. Starting when I was a teenager, I kept track of every penny I spent. I could not wait until my 21st birthday so I could start contributing to the 401(k) at work. Money as the Main Goal In my 20s and 30s, I focused on money as an end, determined to define my success as a person by the amount of money I made. As a result, I made some choices that caused me, and those around me, to suffer unnecessarily. I fretted over how much essential things cost. It hurt me to spend on myself for anything nice, much less on anybody else. I now realize that having money was a way to feel good about myself. In my mind, my earnings defined my success as a person. This is the area where I was most imbalanced, and I regret some of the decisions I made then. After college, I joined a Miami bank training program. I saw that most of the trainees chose to live in a new suburban complex requiring a Metro commute. I chose to live in cheaper North Miami, only ten minutes from downtown, proud that I was saving on rent, gas, and Metro fares. The building was newly renovated but occupied mostly by taxi drivers who kept odd hours, and the crime rate was higher in my neighborhood. My car was broken into in the parking garage. I did not get much exercise because, as a 5-foot-3-inch 20-year-old, I didn’t feel safe going outside. Further, while my coworkers were discussing the fun evenings they had had at south Miami neighborhood restaurants, I thought, “Bah, humbug!” I was proud not to “waste” my money on frivolities. I ate mostly sauteed vegetables and microwave popcorn in my apartment. Over the seven-month training program, I not only did not exercise enough, I unconsciously distanced myself from the camaraderie of the other trainees. While I eventually fixed the exercise deficiency later in life, the friendships I might have made and enjoyed today are absent. A Vicious Cycle It was not easy for me to accept that what you have is…
Roth: to convert or not to convert. Converting to a Roth IRA might be worth consideration if you have been saving for retirement in a traditional IRA (TIRA) As you may know, when it's time to take the money out of your TIRA, you will owe tax on the amount you withdraw (called a "distribution"). So when you think of the balance in your TIRAs, give that number a haircut of 10% - 40% (using current tax rates) that will be sent to Uncle Sam. Further, when you reach age 73 or 75 (depending on your birth year) whether you need money or not, you will be required to take an IRS-calculated required minimum distribution (RMD). The RMD income can push you into the next tax bracket or, more commonly, into a higher bracket for Medicare premium surcharges. Surcharges mean you could pay up to several hundred dollars more per month for Medicare. Finally, if you are married and leave TIRAs to your spouse, he or she must eventually take RMDs. When they start filing as single the year after you die, there is a greater likelihood the RMD will push them into the higher income tax or Medicare surcharge brackets. Review of Roth Advantages Roth's have several advantages over traditional retirement accounts (TRAs). 1) When you think of the balance in a Roth IRA, there is no tax haircut. Money in a Roth grows tax-free forever. That's a bigger balance to spend on world cruises, grandchildren, or a Winnebago. 2) Your heirs will have to withdraw the Roth money if you don't, but they won't owe tax then, either. 3) Roths have no RMDs. So that might save you from Medicare surcharges and other additional taxes such as the Net Investment Income tax (NIIT). 4) If you are married and die before your spouse, your spouse will not have to take RMDs from them. 5) If you have a trust, it may be much more beneficial to leave a Roth to the trust than a TIRA. Ask your CPA or tax attorney about this one. What's the Catch with Roths? What's the catch? The amount of TIRA that you convert to a Roth gets taxed in the year you make the conversion. If you convert $100,000 this year, that's $100,000 added to your income. So if you are still working, and you convert some or all of your retirement money to a Roth, you will be paying tax on the converted amount at today's tax rates, hoping/betting that the growth in the Roth will make the extra tax bite today worthwhile later. For the hope/bet to have the best chance to work, a few things help: - You expect to be in a the same or higher tax bracket after you quit working. Otherwise you could wait and pay less tax on the conversion at a lower tax bracket later. - You don't expect to need the money in the Roth for many years. To reap the biggest benefit,…
5 myths about 401(K) rollovers: Should 401Ks (or 403bs, 457s, or TSPs) always be rolled over? Often, soon-to-be retirees are led to believe their impending retirement forces a deadline or urgency to “do something” about their retirement plan account. Several understandable myths surround the mystery of what actually happens to your money when leaving your employer. Below are five of them. Myth 1: When you separate from your employer, you must take your retirement plan account (401K/403B/457/TSP) with you. Actually very few employer plans require employees to leave the plan upon retirement. You have a choice to leave the account right where it is. This includes if you are widowed and your spouse was the employee. More than likely, you can stay with the retirement plan if you want to. The rules for your employer can be verified by checking with your human resources department, or obtaining a copy of your plan’s complete document, usually available at your account’s website. Myth 2: When you separate from your employer, it’s always best to take your retirement plan account with you. Some people might not have the greatest level of fondness for their employer and want to sever ties with anything having to do with the company. While understandable, it’s important to separate facts from feelings about your money. Due to tighter ERISA and Department of Labor regulations, it’s very unwise for employers to have their employees’ retirement plan limited to only high-fee, high-risk, or self-serving fund options. Chances are that what’s available there is worth taking a more in-depth look. On the question of where you are best served with your retirement funds, here is where you will get a wide range of answers. You can ask friends, family, the internet, co-workers, and even ChatGPT and go in circles. Whether rolling over your retirement plan account is in your best interest depends on a few different factors. Keep reading to myths 3, 4, and 5 to find out more. Myth 3: Retirement plan accounts have no impact on the ability to do a Roth conversion. False. This particularly applies to people who have IRAs outside of their employer retirement plan. If you are considering converting part of an IRA you already own outside of a retirement plan to a Roth, the amount you can convert is subject to an arcane concept called the “pro-rata rule.” In general, under this rule, the amount you can convert is subject to a ratio that includes all IRAs, but does not include monies in employer retirement plans. Therefore, if you roll over your retirement plan before doing a Roth conversion, you will likely limit the amount of outside IRAs you can convert. For many people retiring in their 60s and delaying Social Security, Roth conversion opportunities abound. It might very well make sense to wait to roll over at least until age 70 so that you can leave the Roth conversion option more open. Conversely, if all of your retirement money is in the employer…
What's your closet type? Thrifty Penny, Generous J-Lo, Savvy Suze or Imelda Galore On a 2004 visit to Ghana, a west African country, I noticed lots of people wearing second-hand Western clothes. While others donned beautiful traditional garments of their country, it was equally common to see second-hand t-shirts, khakis and jeans. The second hand clothes were sold in nearly every street market. My hosts told me these were commonly called obruni waawu, which literally means, “dead white people’s clothes.” I understood that the clothes looked like those of white Westerners, but “Why dead?” I wondered. Before long, an answer dawned on me. Maybe to Ghanians, many of whom don’t have closets, the only reason a white Westerner would give away perfectly wearable clothes would be because they are dead. To them, clothes might be something you use up until the day they are no longer needed at all. I don't know if this is the actual reason, but it led me to compare and wonder how often we buy new clothes and get rid of old ones. For some, it's quite frequent, and not so much for others. Having seen over 400 budgets in my lifetime, I've noticed spending on new clothes that ranged from $2,000 to $50,000 a year. But what I have not asked and do not know is, how often are the old clothes being thrown out or given away? Money Velocity and Money Supply: Closet Velocity and Clothing Supply There are two concepts in economics that come to mind - money velocity and money supply. Money velocity refers to how many times a dollar changes hands in an economy. There is also money supply, which is the amount of money available in an economy to be spent at any time. Taking this to the closet analogy, what would closet velocity and clothing supply be? Let's say closet velocity refers to how often the clothes on hand are changing. This would mean not only how often new ones are bought, but how often old ones are discarded or donated. Correspondingly, the amount of clothes we have on hand at any point in time would be our clothing supply. Taking four combinations from these two concepts and having some fun with the names, what's your closet type? Closet Type: Thrifty Penny, Generous J-Lo, Savvy Suze or Imelda Galore If you have a low clothing supply and low closet velocity, you might be a Thrifty Penny closet type. This means: you have a small number of clothes that you wear until they have holes, stains, or are otherwise unusable before you replace them you feel ok not being trendy there aren't a lot of choices of what to wear, and you don't require a large closet. Conversely, if you have a high clothing supply and high closet velocity, you started with lots of clothes, are buying lots of new clothes, and are also giving or throwing away old or never-worn ones fairly frequently. This would be the Generous…
The best retirement plans start with a plan for a fulfilling life first, then match up the plan with money decisions. That's why good planners ask, what's the money for? For most, it's not to support boredom, stagnation and decline. If you define what an ideal retirement means first for you, then your retirement plan and your retirement life have far better chances of success.
How to let go of money self-doubt: What is money self-doubt Money self-doubt is an inner belief that one cannot trust themselves with a decision about money. Sometimes these beliefs operate in the background, quietly driving decisions when we don't realize it. Other times they're front and center. What does money self-doubt sound like? Money self-doubt beliefs often sound like critical messages: "I knew I'd screw it up." "I'll never be good with money." "If I can't manage my own finances, I'm a failure." "Why am I so stupid with money?" Money Self-Doubt Origins Where does money self-doubt come from? It could be a single traumatic event or a repetition of harmful moments that lead to flawed beliefs about our financial capabilities. One time being taken by a scammer, or many times being told by an abuser we aren't capable. Without counterbalancing mantras like, "You're still OK." "You just made a mistake." "You can do this." the self-doubt can take hold. Society and media also don't help, offering a choice of money self-image as either, "good with money," or not. Individual instruction is rarely given in school, or in families, much to our society's detriment. While financial professionals are often proficient in finance, many are not good educators. A few even try to make money more complex than it is, to keep clients feeling less than sure about themselves. Case Study: Sondra (not her real name) is a highly educated and accomplished professional. Her parents came from Depression-era families where money was tight in their younger years. Money was never talked about in Sondra's home, although she was given everything she needed. She grew up with the belief that her parents didn't discuss it with her because they believed money was something she was not capable of handling. When she went to talk with a financial advisor, he threw so much jargon at her that she was too uncomfortable to admit she didn't understand what he was talking about. Money Self-Doubt Results Without realizing these beliefs exist, we can allow them to influence what actions we take or fail to take. Self-doubt can affect who we allow into our lives, and who we don't. It can affect our choice of career. Or how we spend, or choose not to, on our own needs, wants, and wishes. Ironically, money self-doubt can lead to overspending with some people, and over-deprivation with others. Sondra chose a career where she was assured a salary and the chance of a bonus if she worked hard enough. She worked longer hours than she wanted to. She lived minimally, foregoing many comforts and rewards of her hard work. Her dreams of having more work-life balance were put on hold because she never felt financially secure. In her personal life, she chose friends and partners who also didn't talk about money, leaving a gap in her closest relationships. How To Let Go of Money Self-Doubt If you've been operating under flawed assumptions, and now you know it,…
Holiday spending hangovers: What do holiday overdrinking, overeating, and overspending have in common? We can get stuffed in over our heads before we know it, leading to regret later. The holidays can test our temptation to overcelebrate. While holiday alcohol- or food-induced hangovers are commonly discussed, spending hangovers can bring about equal regret. Thinking Ahead To avoid regret, it helps to think ahead. You might call it an "awareness strategy." What events are coming up that might bring about a temptation to overspend? Nowadays, that strategy might start in October. Halloween is now the second biggest holiday for consumer spending after Christmas. What used to be a couple hours of candy collection with a homemade costume and a paper grocery bag is now practically a national holiday. Multi day trunk-or-treating. Elaborate costumes. Yard decorations needing extensions upon extension cords. On November 1, where does all the Halloween stuff go? In the attic, the garage, the storage unit, or the garbage? And what about the candy? Halloween often leads to sugar, spending, and stuff hangovers. Next comes Thanksgiving, where we stuff ourselves with, literally, stuffing. Some then stuff our brains with football and TV. Some families stuff all the important conversations for the past year into a few hours at the table. The air is stuffed with emotions. And spending can often be a coping mechanism for difficult emotions. It seems all the Thanksgiving hangovers - food, football, TV, and feelings - start with stuffing. And finally if you celebrate it, Christmas, the king of holiday hangover potential. Must-have new decorations, the tallest tree, fancy food, family gatherings, parties, gotta-get gifts, candy, cake, and alcohol all stuffed into a few short weeks. Moderation choices might start out strong. But decision fatigue can quickly take over. Come January, depleted bank statements and depleted emotions can bring on the same headaches as too much cookies and eggnog. Thinking ahead to all of the opportunities to spend gives you a head start on avoiding regret later. Ask What is coming up where I will want or need to spend on a holiday? What does the spending event entail? What are alternative ways to achieve my goal for the spending event? Imagine it's January. When you look at your bank and/or credit card balances, what's a reasonable figure for you to be at then? Start with that as your goal. Release Self-Judgment Before launching into ways to criticize decisions before you have even made them, remember that it's ok to splurge. It just takes a little thinking ahead, strategy, self-care and balance. Deprivation generally doesn't work. Mindful Spending Strategies For some people, simply having a January bank balance goal is enough to help them stay focused throughout the season. Others need more concrete ideas. Here are a couple: Plan most or all of your shopping at one or two stores. Buy yourself a gift card for that store with the total amount you can spend that allows you to make your January goal. Ask for…
“Then indecision brings its own delays, And days are lost lamenting over lost days. Are you in earnest? Seize this very minute; What you can do, or dream you can do, begin it; Boldness has genius, power and magic in it." Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Faust Death by a thousand indecisions. As Goethe asked, are you “in earnest”? When it comes to decisionmaking, sometimes it's quick: Ready-Fire-Aim. With other decisions, we take our sweet time. How much is indecision costing you? Like death from a thousand cuts, indecisions can slowly deplete our energy, leaving little behind for ourselves or others. Decisions are Draining That's because decisions are draining. Neuropsychologists like Dr. Moira Somers tell us that decisionmaking depletes our mental energy. According to Dr. Somers, every day we wake up with a finite amount of mental energy. As the day goes by, the more decisions we make, the less energy we have. And the bigger they are, the more energy they use. Think about life's transitions. One reason transition times, good or sad, are so stressful and exhausting – a move, a death, retirement, a child, a divorce – is the many seemingly small, plus a few momentous, decisions. Further, lack of sleep, hunger, grief or even excitement can start the whole day off depleted. Then, every indecision we "make" is a decision. In fact, a pattern of indecisions can take physical form, and stress us out every time we see it. What does not-deciding look like? A pile of unfiled papers. Empty boxes stacked in the garage. The “miscellaneous drawer” in the kitchen. The “junk room." Scattered financial accounts in too many places. Unfinished projects. With a finite amount of mental energy at hand, who can blame any of us for having some kind of to-be-decided pile/stack/assortment hanging over us all the time? Dealing with Indecision What to do about it? Make big decisions in the morning, before depletion sets in. Automate it: Use a system to take care of small decisions automaticallyEliminate it: Ask often, "How important is it?"Date-Activate it: Calendar the decision to deal with and be doneDelegate it: Ask for help Automate It An automation example I love and have yet to implement is the decision of what to wear. Michael Kitces, a noted financial expert, famously has a closet full of the same blue shirts, pants, and shoes. One less decision each day for a busy guy. Another example is cooking. Thanks to Cassy Joy Garcia's book, Cook Once: Eat All Week, our household now pre-preps ingredients on Sunday. Then, each work night is 15-30 minutes to assemble and cook the ingredients with pre-planned healthy recipes. The meals are delicious, but the best part is not having to make the decision of what's for dinner. Hallelujah. Eliminate It In the summer of 2021 I began thinking about a new car. My financial plan called for me to sell my would-be 7 year old car in January 2022 and buy another one. I couldn't decide what…