psychology of money

Money: Values, Behaviors, Habits and Change

Money values, behaviors, habits, and change: Perhaps there is something about middle age, or a pandemic, that creates the urge to examine values, behaviors, habits, and change. At my 25th college reunion, I had breakfast with a college friend who worked for our alma mater, Davidson College. She had attended lots of reunions. I asked about her observations of reunion attendees. She said something like, “At the 10-year mark, everyone’s comparing notes – who has how many kids, who has graduate degrees, what they did for vacations, what kind of home they live in, etc." In other words, their money values tended to be focused on status. "By the 25th, nearly everyone has experienced some kind of life event, and they are a lot more mellow. The other stuff must not seem as important.” So, values shift as life unfolds. Values drive behaviors, which become habits. When we begin to question the behaviors and habits, we become ready for change. And that's how growth happens. Eventually this process can work its way into finances. Beginning to Examine Behaviors - Eating Habits My own path to behavior change didn't start with money. It started with eating. One of my first experiences with behavior change was through Weight Watchers. I was 35 years old, 5'3" and 15 pounds overweight. I decided that I valued being healthy more than enjoying unhealthy food. I lost 20 pounds and gained 5 back, but kept it off. How did I do it? Tracking and accountability. Whenever my clothes got tight, I would write down everything I ate. This helped me track and change my eating behaviors permanently. Ironically, tracking and accountability had come naturally to me with money. I wrote my first budget at age 9, and had tracked my money ever since. This made me a good saver, but later I learned it didn't necessarily mean I had a good relationship with money. Conversational Habits Next I moved to healthier conversation habits. The values of listening well and feeling heard became more important. I learned that “listening” does not mean, “Wait until the other person is finished talking so I can say what I want to say.” Listening means to suspend all noise and chatter in my head; and reflect on what I am hearing. To eliminate the noise and chatter, I acquired a rule: Anything that I want to say while someone else is talking, I am not allowed to say. Like any other habit change, it took conscious effort at first. When I think of something I want to say, I let it go, stay present, and listen. I found that, if I truly wanted to understand someone then what I wanted to say would have gotten in the way of that. My conversational habits, and relationships, improved. Money Values, Behavior, Habits and Change My money habits needed improvement too. I used to overtrack my spending and worry unnecessarily about it. This led to a habit of denying myself some things that would…

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Read more about the article The Ideal Retirement Plan: It’s About More Than Money

The Ideal Retirement Plan: It’s About More Than Money

The best retirement plans start with a plan for a fulfilling life first, then match up the plan with money decisions. That's why good planners ask, what's the money for? For most, it's not to support boredom, stagnation and decline. If you define what an ideal retirement means first for you, then your retirement plan and your retirement life have far better chances of success.

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The ABCs of Behavioral Economics

Behavioral economics, with its long lexicon of “biases,” has enjoyed great popularity for a couple of decades. However, it's also one area where financial planning students feel the least prepared. Experienced advisors, too, find this relatively new field fascinating, but yearn for practical ways to apply it, especially amid the market volatility of the past couple of years.

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Guest Rap Song Post: It Won’t Go To Zero

Guest rap song post: It Won't Go To Zero. In early 2010, Ken Robinson, JD and CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER in Ohio, produced a funny rap video with a serious educational message: "It Won't Go to Zero." Whenever markets start back on their once-in-a-while roller coaster ride, it's a good time to resurrect Ken's lyrics and rap-star antics. Thank you Ken! In 2007, the stock market began falling and didn't hit bottom until 2009. Although it recovered throughout 2009 and 2010, it took several months to 2 years for the investing public to actually believe it. Who could blame them after the traumatic crash - a 50% drop in the S&P 500 - in the fall of 2008? Ken's video in early 2010 occurred during a recovery many didn't yet recognize. During those couple of years, people and pundits asked, "Is this time different?" "Will it ever come back?" "Is this the New Normal?" "What if it goes to zero?" In times like these, it is usually confusing and difficult to separate reality-based facts from emotional actions. Get to the Chorus The chorus of Ken's song goes, "The markets are resilient, and although they may bend, they won't break, the stock downturn will come to an end. I can't say what might finally make things turn around, but eventually we will get back on solid ground. I'm not here to be some investment hero, I'm just letting you know; the markets won't go to zero." The lyrics are just as relevant today, in a different decade, under a different New Normal. I wouldn't change a thing he's saying. In fact, yesterday I had nearly this exact conversation. I just wish I'd had the talent to say it in a rap song. Check it out: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3GtxtWSZxE Choose Composure Ken's message is to keep our composure. After a recent NBA playoff win over the Memphis Grizzlies, Steph Curry of the Golden State Warriors was asked by the reporter, "You were down 13 points. How did your team come back to win?" His answer: "Composure." Fortunately for the Warriors they did not have pundits on the sidelines screaming, "You're finished!" "A comeback is impossible!" "This time it's different!" Unfortunately for the investing public, scary messages are way too available on nearly any media source we choose. And the primitive part of our brains is hard-wired to look for danger, whether or not it might truly exist. Choose media messages wisely. When things get scary, no matter what you are hearing and reading, choose composure. For more on the ways our brains mix up our money messages, see chapters 6 and 7 of The Mindful Money Mentality: How to Find Balance in Your Financial Future, or any of the books on our Recommendations page.

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A Buckets Approach To Retirement Income

A buckets approach to retirement income: One of the most common questions financial planners receive from pre-retirees is, "What's the safest way to give myself a paycheck once I quit working?" Those who have been around long enough probably know someone who retired close to a particularly bad market year, like 2001, 2007 or 2008. Because that someone had to, or chose to, sell some investments at that terrible time, they ended up living off of much less than they originally thought. This can be a scary thing to watch. It makes some wonder, "How do I make sure that doesn't happen to me?" The Buckets Approach Enter the buckets approach to retirement income. Below is a link to a video excerpt from the online course, "Retirement Readiness," outlining a buckets approach in more detail. (A link to the course can be found at the bottom of this article and here.) A description for each of the buckets follows below. https://youtu.be/mkeqzgJfeFc Bucket 1 - Cash and Money Market Accounts The first bucket will provide your paycheck. The rule of thumb is to1) calculate any retirement income you will have (pension, Social Security, dividends, interest, rental property, for examples);2) figure your annual recurring expenses (do not include one-time expenses such as replacing a car, roof, or paying for a special trip or wedding);3) subtract 2) from 1); and4) keep 1 to 2 years of that difference in Bucket 1. For example, Justine retires at 65. She expects to live past age 82 so she is waiting until 70 to claim Social Security. She has a pension of $800/month. Her recurring expenses are $70,000 annually. The annual difference is $70,000 - $9,600 = $60,400. To start retirement, she decides to keep 1.5 years of the difference in Bucket 1 so $60,400 x 1.5 = $90,600. She puts that in a high-yield money market account and sets up an automatic transfer of $5833.33 monthly to her checking account. Voila - she has a new paycheck. When she turns 70, she will collect $45,000 in Social Security. At that time the annual difference will fall to $70,000 - ($9,600 + $45,000) = $15,400. She decides to keep 2 years of the new difference in Bucket 1, so $15,400 x 2 = $30,800. She reduces the monthly transfer from the money market to $1283.33 per month. Bucket 2 - Bonds, CDs, and Bond Funds The second bucket replenishes Bucket 1. As the paychecks come out, the principal in the money market account will naturally decrease. When the balance reaches a level you have predetermined, a transfer is made from Bucket 2. Bucket 2 is comprised of a combination of CDs, bonds, and or bond funds. CDs and bonds have maturity dates, so they are structured in a ladder (staggered maturity dates usually 6 to 12 months apart into the future). As each one in the ladder matures, the principal is either transferred to Bucket 1, or redeployed into a new CD or bond with a…

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Honey, Ain’t Money Funny? 4 Ideas For Couples’ Money Convos

Honey, ain't money funny? Sometimes, not so much. As Valentine’s Day came and went, a couple struggled with questions about consumerism, the meaning behind gifts, and how money affected their relationship. Whether it was financial inequality, overspending, or miserliness (a la Scrooge), humor was hard to find at a time when they were surrounded by hearts-and-happiness messages. What can couples do to have a better relationship with money? Following are 4 ideas. For each one, it's a good idea to plan a special fun reward or celebration at the end. The more you practice at these, the easier the conversations will get. You may find your differences become predictable, manageable, and even laughable. Idea 1: Try a Monthly Money Date For monthly money dates, quickies are best. These are for checking the "dashboard indicators" in your household finances. Agree to limit these conversations to about 15 minutes. A 2 1/2 minute video on 3-Part Money Dates can be found here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7TWFKfF0vRQ. Build in fun and humor by focusing on your progress, positive wins, and gratitude for what you've got so far. For big ideas and thorny issues, make a separate date to discuss those using one of the following 3 formats. Then move on to the "real" date part! Idea 2: Try a 2-Day Relationship Conference No you don't have to talk about money for 2 days. What a buzzkill! Instead, in a Relationship Conference, each partner takes a turn being a pure listener to the other partner’s issues. Being the listener in a relationship conference means saying nothing while your partner talks. You can decide on the timeframe, but make it somewhere between 15 and 45 minutes. You can take notes. Take a break for 24 to 48 hours and allow thoughts and feelings to arise to reflect on what you heard. Share those with your partner by reversing roles - it's their turn to simply listen and reflect for whatever timeframe you decide - 24 to 48 hours. Summarize how you both felt about the Conference. Then celebrate your ability to tackle tough stuff. Idea 3: Take Turns Active Listening Another option is to take turns all in one setting being the active listener. This means being fully present to your partner’s issues and emotions without bringing up your own responses or emotions. (Tip: This is really hard for most people who have never done it before.) You do this by repeating back what you heard, checking with them to make sure you got it all ("Did I get it all?"), and asking to hear more about the emotions underlying each statement ("You said you felt excluded. Tell me more about that.") Once your partner agrees they feel completely heard and understood, then it's your turn. Remember to celebrate and give yourselves credit for your progress with active listening. Idea 4: Ask For Practice Help Are there some money issues in your relationship that sound too difficult to talk about on your own? Sometimes each of these exercises…

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Read more about the article Monthly Money Dates

Monthly Money Dates

Monthly money dates sure don’t sound very romantic. However, it’s said that money and sex are the two biggest reasons for divorce*. Could it be just a coincidence they are also two of the most difficult topics for couples to discuss? So perhaps it might make sense to figure out how to talk about them. Making regular times to talk about a difficult topic can often break down walls within other relationship areas. In fact, a money date doesn’t have to last that long. Probably at most 15 minutes. (Unlike that other difficult topic, quicker is better.) One suggested format for a money date has 3 parts, with each partner taking turns: For Part 1: “Here’s what I contributed this month.” And Part 2: “Here’s what I see for major expenditures coming up.” Then Part 3: “How are we doing?” Money Date Part 1: What You Contributed First, telling what you contributed, no matter how big or small, starts the conversation with recognition for your efforts. If one partner stays home or is out of work, find a way to recognize other ways you contribute – whether it’s nurturing the kids or searching for that next great job. Money Date Part 2: Upcoming Expenditures Second, talking about what’s coming up, or could come up, leaves little room for unpleasant surprises. While this may be the hardest part of the conversation, it’s placed here for a reason. Psychological studies show that thinking about how much we spend or have spent can induce the same emotions that lead to depression. On the other hand, counting what we have induces the same emotions that lead to happiness and fulfillment. That’s why the spending question is sandwiched between the other two. Money Date Part 3: How Are We Doing? Third, how well you are doing? Ask, what goals are worth tracking? If you are unsure where to start, try the following four indicators: retirement accounts; savings levels; debt levels; and charitable giving. Rather than constantly comparing to an ideal number, find a way to recognize progress from where you were at some point in the past. No matter where you might see room for improvement, walk away with at least one thing you can both point to and be glad or hopeful about. Money Date Wrap-up: What Next? Sharing your hopes and working through challenges about money decisions, even for 15 minutes, can be an intimate couples exercise. If you follow this formula successfully, you might find you're a little more interested in that other intimate topic that’s hard to talk about. (And feel free to take longer than 15 minutes for that one.) For more tips on the psychology of money, subscribe to the award-winning monthly e-letter, "The View From the Porch," at https://bit.ly/3t2uwfn, check out Holly's book, The Mindful Money Mentality: How To Find Balance in Your Financial Future, or sign up for the online Retirement Readiness course. *see Dr. Dae Sheridan's Tedx Talk, "Real Talk about 'The Talk'"

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What Is Financial Anorexia?

What is financial anorexia? Financial anorexia is a type of spending disorder. People who suffer from the eating disorder of anorexia may obsess about food and the number on the scale. People who suffer from the financial disorder may obsess about money and the number on their statement(s). For those suffering - and it is indeed suffering - from financial anorexia, they never believe they have enough to enjoy what they’ve got. According to Ken Donaldson, LMHC, a licensed mental health counselor in Seminole, Florida, “Anorexia is characterized by a distortion of perception.” Someone suffering from the eating disorder believes they still need to lose a few extra pounds, when to everyone else it’s clear they are harming themselves. Someone suffering from the financial one believes they still need more money, when it’s clear they are depriving themselves. While the eating disorder of anorexia can be fatal, financial anorexia can be dangerous to mental health, friendships, and family relationships. Think about how it feels to be with someone engaged more in extreme deprivation than in enjoying life's simple pleasures. Where Does Financial Anorexia Come From? Anorexia is fueled by isolation - the more the sufferer depends upon their own distorted perception, the worse their condition becomes. For example, Ebenezer Scrooge (in the beginning of Dickens’ tale), is an isolated penny-pincher and money hoarder. He is the stereotype of the financial anorexic. Additionally, our culture still worships conspicuous wealth and Twiggy-like figures. “You can’t be too rich or too thin,” sums it up. Most people understand the “too thin” part, but “too rich”? Is it possible to be "too rich"? Financial anorexics typically accumulate an abundance of resources. Their wealth does not come from a healthy relationship with money. Rather, fear is at its root. They might be "too rich" for their actual needs. Further, the more they have, the more they have to lose, or fear losing. What are they afraid of? Fears might include: that it will disappear tomorrow in a catastrophic world event; a very expensive health issue; hyper-inflation; becoming dependent upon adult children; “spoiling” family members; or that self-worth will fall in lockstep with net worth. Certainly some of these things can and do happen. Yet our societal messages, and brains wired to look out for danger, emphasize catastrophic scenarios past the point of their actual probability. At some point in life, many financial anorexics realize, to their immense regret, that they worried more about what might happen, and didn't, than enjoyed what they actually had. What Can Be Done About It? Exposure to new information sources is one method of help. According to Donaldson, “New information will disrupt the pattern.” Support groups, a counselor, and therapy can provide external points of view. For financial anorexia, a visit with an understanding financial professional, who can provide concrete reassurance, often is a good first step. Sometimes the new information has to come from, unfortunately, from a painful life-altering event. How did Scrooge turn around? By exposure to his past, present, and…

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What’s a Holiday Spending Style?

What's a holiday spending style? It's the approach you take to spending money on others. How do you decide what to spend at the holidays, and on whom? In her program, Money Habitudes http://www.moneyhabitudes.com, Dr. Syble Solomon breaks down our money habits and attitudes into several different styles. Here are how a few of those styles might apply to holiday spending. Spending Style: Status After earning my first real money at 15, I made a list and a budget for each person on it. A few years later, at age 20, I looked at the list of names, each with a dollar sign beside them, and thought "Yikes!" It could appear as if each person had a price tag. At the time, I didn’t know it, but I was operating under one of Dr. Solomon's six spending styles, the one involving “status.” In other words, I was too concerned what other people would think about my spending decisions, and as a result, I spent too much. So next,  I made a “total” budget, and tried to keep track as I went along on how I was doing. Yet that didn’t work very well, since I could always find an excuse to break the budget on something to keep it “fair.” Spending Style: Security If you spend very little on others, and on yourself, because you are concerned you may need it for an emergency, you might have the "security" spending style. You might do the bare minimum necessary to get invited back to next year’s turkey dinner. Or you might find ways to celebrate other than spending money. Spending Style: Idealist Idealist – If you reject the materialism of the holidays, then you might give everyone something home-made, like cookies, or your own artistic creation. You have the hardest time of all styles making a spending plan, because you despise handling money matters. Spending Style: Spontaneous This style can’t wait to see what great ideas are presented each year by retailers. Perhaps you make a spending plan, but you have a tough time sticking to it because of all the fun temptations and opportunities to purchase the perfect gifts presented to you right before checking out. Spending Style: Caretaker Caretakers see gift-giving as a way to show how much you care about people. Your spending plan might be more generous than other spending styles (but hopefully not more generous than is financially wise). Spending Style: Goal-Oriented Your most important concern is staying within your spending plan. It may take you longer to get your shopping done in order to find the right gift-cost combinations. What's Your Style? If you exhibit more than one holiday spending style, that is a good thing. The key is not to take any one style to an extreme. If you can make a spending plan that is wise for your situation, shows your love and affection for others, and still allows for some guilt-free spontaneity, you have probably found the combination that will bring you,…

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Decision Fatigue and Shopping

Decision fatigue is a real thing. I discovered this poignantly on a recent shopping trip. The mission was simple: Buy a spice rack. I figured the best shot was at Bed Bath Beyond (BBB); a store I had not entered in over a year, much less at the holidays. I had a specific size and type in mind, so there was no doubt BBB would provide all the choices I needed. Little did I know that trip would be the beginning of the end of my day’s productivity. Upon entering, I scanned quickly, bypassing a cart to stay focused on the single item I wanted. Smugly, I glided past the holiday specials to the kitchen department. Lo and behold, there were spice racks. And all kinds of other racks. An embarrassment of choices. Because I like choices (or thought I did until this day), before long, I was nose to nose with shelves and shelves of plastic, rubber, wood, aluminum, and chrome gadgets, and doodads for kitchen storage problems I didn’t even know I had. It was an assault on my single-mindedness. More than once, something other than a spice rack caught my eye. At first, I had the mental wherewithal to ignore them. Decision Fatigue Begins As the minutes wore on, my brain was presented with dozens of items for which a decision had to be made. Does it look like what I came for? If yes, is it the right size and type? If no, move to next item. As this process continued, some strangely gleeful part of my brain, a la Martha Stewart, said, “It’s not the spice rack, but….is it something I COULD use? Hmmmm…it looks very handy. And sleek, too! After all….maybe it could make even more room in the cabinet?” The cabinet, of course, had nothing to do with the spice rack. “STOP IT,” another Jean-Chatzky-part of my brain, said. “You are here to get the spice rack. Move on.” Next doodad. Does this look like the spice rack? No, not quite. Yet, the label showed the entire matching doodad set in a fantasy-organized kitchen. Then that Martha Stewart voice again, “Oh, wouldn’t it be cool if my whole kitchen looked like this doodad’s label?” “STOP IT,” Jean intervened. “You would have to buy every doodad like it in here, which is a) exactly what you did not come here to do and b) doesn’t even include a spice rack. Next item!” And so it went….back and forth over a dozen items for fifteen minutes. My mental wherewithal was waning. Finally, I found exactly what I was looking for and grabbed it. Decision Fatigue Leads to Aimless Shopping By then, Martha and Jean had gone 144 rounds. I felt drained. So why did I feel like, oh, taking a look around? Just to see if there was something I couldn’t live without? I got to the bath side and wondered what got into me. To check out, I had to walk the gauntlet of…

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